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Piper diagram
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Piper diagram : ウィキペディア英語版
Piper diagram

A piper diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples.
The cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots. The apexes of the cation plot are calcium, magnesium and sodium plus potassium cations. The apexes of the anion plot are sulfate, chloride and carbonate plus hydrogen carbonate anions. The two ternary plots are then projected onto a diamond. The diamond is a matrix transformation of a graph of the anions (sulfate + chloride/ total anions) and cations (sodium + potassium/total cations).
The required matrix transformation of the anion/cation graph is:
:
\begin x' \\ y' \\ 1 \end = \begin \cos(\frac) & \sin(\frac) & 0 \\ -2\sin(\frac) & 2\cos(\frac) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end \begin x \\ y \\ 1 \end

The piper diagram is suitable for comparing the ionic composition of a set of water samples, but does not lend itself to spatial comparisons. For geographical applications, the Stiff diagram and Maucha diagram are more applicable, because they can be used as markers on a map.〔Velasco, V., Tubau, I., Vázquez-Suñè, E., Gogu, R., Gaitanaru, D., Alcaraz, M., Serrano-Juan, A., Fernàndez-Garcia, D., Garrido, T., Fraile, J., Sanchez-Vila, X., Sep. 2014. GIS-based hydrogeochemical analysis tools (QUIMET). Computers & Geosciences 70, 164-180. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.04.013〕
==Software==

* (Grapher ) Commercial software available from (Golden Software, Inc. )
* (AqQA ) Commercial software available from (RockWare, Inc. )
* (AquaChem ) Commercial software from (Schlumberger Water Services )
* (ChemPoint Pro ) Commercial software from (Starpoint software, Inc. )
* The Geochemist's Workbench Commercial software from (Aqueous Solutions LLC )
* (GWB Student Edition ) Free student edition of the popular geochemical modeling software package.
* (GW Chart ) Free software for creating piper diagrams from the United States Geological Survey
* RockWorks Utilities Commercial software from RockWare, Inc.
* EnviroInsite Commercial software from HydroAnalysis, Inc.
* Origin 9.1 commercial software from (Originlab ) can (create Piper diagrams ) from spreadsheet data.
* (Piper 2.0 ) in (HydroOffice 2012 ) - commercial tool in HydroOffice software can (produce ) variable types of Piper plots in vector graphics

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Piper diagram」の詳細全文を読む



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